控制台测试
简介
除了简化 HTTP 测试外,Laravel 还提供简洁的 API,用于测试应用的自定义控制台命令。
成功 / 失败断言
首先,我们来看如何对 Artisan 命令的退出码做断言。为此,我们使用 artisan 方法在测试中调用 Artisan 命令,再用 assertExitCode 方法断言命令以给定退出码完成:
test('console command', function () {
$this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
});/**
* Test a console command.
*/
public function test_console_command(): void
{
$this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
}你可以使用 assertNotExitCode 方法断言命令未以给定退出码退出:
$this->artisan('inspire')->assertNotExitCode(1);当然,终端命令成功时通常以状态码 0 退出,失败时则以非零退出码退出。因此为方便起见,你可以使用 assertSuccessful 与 assertFailed 断言来判断给定命令是否以成功退出码退出:
$this->artisan('inspire')->assertSuccessful();
$this->artisan('inspire')->assertFailed();输入 / 输出断言
Laravel 允许你使用 expectsQuestion 方法轻松「模拟」控制台命令的用户输入。此外,你可以用 assertExitCode 与 expectsOutput 方法指定期望的退出码与输出文本。例如,考虑以下控制台命令:
Artisan::command('question', function () {
$name = $this->ask('What is your name?');
$language = $this->choice('Which language do you prefer?', [
'PHP',
'Ruby',
'Python',
]);
$this->line('Your name is '.$name.' and you prefer '.$language.'.');
});你可以用以下测试来测试该命令:
test('console command', function () {
$this->artisan('question')
->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
->assertExitCode(0);
});/**
* Test a console command.
*/
public function test_console_command(): void
{
$this->artisan('question')
->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
->assertExitCode(0);
}若使用 Laravel Prompts 提供的 search 或 multisearch 函数,可使用 expectsSearch 断言来模拟用户输入、搜索结果与选择:
test('console command', function () {
$this->artisan('example')
->expectsSearch('What is your name?', search: 'Tay', answers: [
'Taylor Otwell',
'Taylor Swift',
'Darian Taylor'
], answer: 'Taylor Otwell')
->assertExitCode(0);
});/**
* Test a console command.
*/
public function test_console_command(): void
{
$this->artisan('example')
->expectsSearch('What is your name?', search: 'Tay', answers: [
'Taylor Otwell',
'Taylor Swift',
'Darian Taylor'
], answer: 'Taylor Otwell')
->assertExitCode(0);
}你也可以使用 doesntExpectOutput 方法断言控制台命令不产生任何输出:
test('console command', function () {
$this->artisan('example')
->doesntExpectOutput()
->assertExitCode(0);
});/**
* Test a console command.
*/
public function test_console_command(): void
{
$this->artisan('example')
->doesntExpectOutput()
->assertExitCode(0);
}expectsOutputToContain 与 doesntExpectOutputToContain 方法可用于对输出的一部分做断言:
test('console command', function () {
$this->artisan('example')
->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor')
->assertExitCode(0);
});/**
* Test a console command.
*/
public function test_console_command(): void
{
$this->artisan('example')
->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor')
->assertExitCode(0);
}确认断言
当命令需要以「yes」或「no」形式确认时,可使用 expectsConfirmation 方法:
$this->artisan('module:import')
->expectsConfirmation('Do you really wish to run this command?', 'no')
->assertExitCode(1);表格断言
若命令使用 Artisan 的 table 方法显示表格信息,为整张表写输出断言会很繁琐。此时可改用 expectsTable 方法。该方法第一个参数为表头,第二个参数为表格数据:
$this->artisan('users:all')
->expectsTable([
'ID',
'Email',
], [
[1, 'taylor@example.com'],
[2, 'abigail@example.com'],
]);控制台事件
默认情况下,运行应用测试时不会派发 Illuminate\Console\Events\CommandStarting 与 Illuminate\Console\Events\CommandFinished 事件。不过,可通过在给定测试类上添加 Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents trait 来启用这些事件:
<?php
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
pest()->use(WithConsoleEvents::class);
// ...<?php
namespace Tests\Feature;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
use Tests\TestCase;
class ConsoleEventTest extends TestCase
{
use WithConsoleEvents;
// ...
}