Prompts
简介
Laravel Prompts 是一个 PHP 包,可为命令行应用添加美观、易用的表单,具备占位符与验证等类似浏览器的特性。

Laravel Prompts 非常适合在 Artisan 控制台命令 中接收用户输入,也可用于任何命令行 PHP 项目。
INFO
Laravel Prompts 支持 macOS、Linux 及带 WSL 的 Windows。更多信息请参阅不支持的环境与回退文档。
安装
最新版 Laravel 已内置 Laravel Prompts。
也可通过 Composer 在其他 PHP 项目中安装 Laravel Prompts:
composer require laravel/prompts可用提示
文本
text 函数会以给定问题提示用户,接收输入并返回:
use function Laravel\Prompts\text;
$name = text('What is your name?');还可包含占位符、默认值与信息提示:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor Otwell',
default: $user?->name,
hint: 'This will be displayed on your profile.'
);必填值
若要求必须输入值,可传入 required 参数:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可传入字符串:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
required: 'Your name is required.'
);额外验证
最后,若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 参数传入闭包:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
validate: fn (string $value) => match (true) {
strlen($value) < 3 => 'The name must be at least 3 characters.',
strlen($value) > 255 => 'The name must not exceed 255 characters.',
default => null
}
);闭包接收已输入的值,验证失败可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
也可利用 Laravel 验证器:向 validate 参数提供包含属性名与验证规则的数组:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
validate: ['name' => 'required|max:255|unique:users']
);多行文本
textarea 函数会以给定问题提示用户,通过多行文本框接收输入并返回:
use function Laravel\Prompts\textarea;
$story = textarea('Tell me a story.');还可包含占位符、默认值与信息提示:
$story = textarea(
label: 'Tell me a story.',
placeholder: 'This is a story about...',
hint: 'This will be displayed on your profile.'
);必填值
若要求必须输入值,可传入 required 参数:
$story = textarea(
label: 'Tell me a story.',
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可传入字符串:
$story = textarea(
label: 'Tell me a story.',
required: 'A story is required.'
);额外验证
最后,若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 参数传入闭包:
$story = textarea(
label: 'Tell me a story.',
validate: fn (string $value) => match (true) {
strlen($value) < 250 => 'The story must be at least 250 characters.',
strlen($value) > 10000 => 'The story must not exceed 10,000 characters.',
default => null
}
);闭包接收已输入的值,验证失败可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
也可利用 Laravel 验证器:向 validate 参数提供包含属性名与验证规则的数组:
$story = textarea(
label: 'Tell me a story.',
validate: ['story' => 'required|max:10000']
);密码
password 函数类似 text,但用户在控制台输入时会被掩码显示,适用于密码等敏感信息:
use function Laravel\Prompts\password;
$password = password('What is your password?');还可包含占位符与信息提示:
$password = password(
label: 'What is your password?',
placeholder: 'password',
hint: 'Minimum 8 characters.'
);必填值
若要求必须输入值,可传入 required 参数:
$password = password(
label: 'What is your password?',
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可传入字符串:
$password = password(
label: 'What is your password?',
required: 'The password is required.'
);额外验证
最后,若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 参数传入闭包:
$password = password(
label: 'What is your password?',
validate: fn (string $value) => match (true) {
strlen($value) < 8 => 'The password must be at least 8 characters.',
default => null
}
);闭包接收已输入的值,验证失败可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
也可利用 Laravel 验证器:向 validate 参数提供包含属性名与验证规则的数组:
$password = password(
label: 'What is your password?',
validate: ['password' => 'min:8']
);确认
若需向用户确认「是或否」,可使用 confirm 函数。用户可用方向键或按 y/n 选择,函数返回 true 或 false。
use function Laravel\Prompts\confirm;
$confirmed = confirm('Do you accept the terms?');还可包含默认值、自定义「是」「否」标签文案与信息提示:
$confirmed = confirm(
label: 'Do you accept the terms?',
default: false,
yes: 'I accept',
no: 'I decline',
hint: 'The terms must be accepted to continue.'
);要求选择「是」
如有必要,可传入 required 参数要求用户必须选择「是」:
$confirmed = confirm(
label: 'Do you accept the terms?',
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可传入字符串:
$confirmed = confirm(
label: 'Do you accept the terms?',
required: 'You must accept the terms to continue.'
);选择
若需用户从预定义选项中选择,可使用 select 函数:
use function Laravel\Prompts\select;
$role = select(
label: 'What role should the user have?',
options: ['Member', 'Contributor', 'Owner']
);还可指定默认选项与信息提示:
$role = select(
label: 'What role should the user have?',
options: ['Member', 'Contributor', 'Owner'],
default: 'Owner',
hint: 'The role may be changed at any time.'
);也可向 options 传入关联数组,使返回选中项的键而非值:
$role = select(
label: 'What role should the user have?',
options: [
'member' => 'Member',
'contributor' => 'Contributor',
'owner' => 'Owner',
],
default: 'owner'
);列表滚动前最多显示五个选项。可通过 scroll 参数自定义:
$role = select(
label: 'Which category would you like to assign?',
options: Category::pluck('name', 'id'),
scroll: 10
);额外验证
与其他提示函数不同,select 不接受 required 参数,因为无法不选任何项。但若需展示某选项却禁止选中,可向 validate 传入闭包:
$role = select(
label: 'What role should the user have?',
options: [
'member' => 'Member',
'contributor' => 'Contributor',
'owner' => 'Owner',
],
validate: fn (string $value) =>
$value === 'owner' && User::where('role', 'owner')->exists()
? 'An owner already exists.'
: null
);若 options 为关联数组,闭包接收选中的键,否则接收选中的值。闭包可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
多选
若需用户选择多个选项,可使用 multiselect 函数:
use function Laravel\Prompts\multiselect;
$permissions = multiselect(
label: 'What permissions should be assigned?',
options: ['Read', 'Create', 'Update', 'Delete']
);还可指定默认选项与信息提示:
use function Laravel\Prompts\multiselect;
$permissions = multiselect(
label: 'What permissions should be assigned?',
options: ['Read', 'Create', 'Update', 'Delete'],
default: ['Read', 'Create'],
hint: 'Permissions may be updated at any time.'
);也可向 options 传入关联数组,使返回选中项的键而非值:
$permissions = multiselect(
label: 'What permissions should be assigned?',
options: [
'read' => 'Read',
'create' => 'Create',
'update' => 'Update',
'delete' => 'Delete',
],
default: ['read', 'create']
);列表滚动前最多显示五个选项。可通过 scroll 参数自定义:
$categories = multiselect(
label: 'What categories should be assigned?',
options: Category::pluck('name', 'id'),
scroll: 10
);要求选择值
默认用户可选择零个或多个选项。可传入 required 参数要求至少选择一个:
$categories = multiselect(
label: 'What categories should be assigned?',
options: Category::pluck('name', 'id'),
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,可向 required 参数提供字符串:
$categories = multiselect(
label: 'What categories should be assigned?',
options: Category::pluck('name', 'id'),
required: 'You must select at least one category'
);额外验证
若需展示某选项却禁止选中,可向 validate 传入闭包:
$permissions = multiselect(
label: 'What permissions should the user have?',
options: [
'read' => 'Read',
'create' => 'Create',
'update' => 'Update',
'delete' => 'Delete',
],
validate: fn (array $values) => ! in_array('read', $values)
? 'All users require the read permission.'
: null
);若 options 为关联数组,闭包接收选中的键数组,否则接收选中的值数组。闭包可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
建议
suggest 函数可为可能选项提供自动完成提示,用户仍可输入任意答案:
use function Laravel\Prompts\suggest;
$name = suggest('What is your name?', ['Taylor', 'Dayle']);也可将闭包作为 suggest 的第二个参数。用户每输入一个字符都会调用闭包;闭包接收当前输入字符串,返回自动完成选项数组:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: fn ($value) => collect(['Taylor', 'Dayle'])
->filter(fn ($name) => Str::contains($name, $value, ignoreCase: true))
)还可包含占位符、默认值与信息提示:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor',
default: $user?->name,
hint: 'This will be displayed on your profile.'
);必填值
若要求必须输入值,可传入 required 参数:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可传入字符串:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
required: 'Your name is required.'
);额外验证
最后,若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 参数传入闭包:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
validate: fn (string $value) => match (true) {
strlen($value) < 3 => 'The name must be at least 3 characters.',
strlen($value) > 255 => 'The name must not exceed 255 characters.',
default => null
}
);闭包接收已输入的值,验证失败可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
也可利用 Laravel 验证器:向 validate 参数提供包含属性名与验证规则的数组:
$name = suggest(
label: 'What is your name?',
options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
validate: ['name' => 'required|min:3|max:255']
);搜索
若选项很多,search 函数允许用户输入搜索查询过滤结果,再用方向键选择:
use function Laravel\Prompts\search;
$id = search(
label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: []
);闭包接收用户已输入的文本,须返回选项数组。若返回关联数组则返回选中项的键,否则返回值。
过滤数组且打算返回值时,应使用 array_values 或集合的 values 方法,避免数组变为关联数组:
$names = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail']);
$selected = search(
label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => $names
->filter(fn ($name) => Str::contains($name, $value, ignoreCase: true))
->values()
->all(),
);还可包含占位符与信息提示:
$id = search(
label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor Otwell',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
hint: 'The user will receive an email immediately.'
);列表滚动前最多显示五个选项。可通过 scroll 参数自定义:
$id = search(
label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
scroll: 10
);额外验证
若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 传入闭包:
$id = search(
label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
validate: function (int|string $value) {
$user = User::findOrFail($value);
if ($user->opted_out) {
return 'This user has opted-out of receiving mail.';
}
}
);若 options 闭包返回关联数组,验证闭包接收选中的键,否则接收选中的值。可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
多选搜索
若可搜索选项很多且需多选,multisearch 允许用户输入搜索查询过滤结果,再用方向键与空格选择:
use function Laravel\Prompts\multisearch;
$ids = multisearch(
'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: []
);闭包接收用户已输入的文本,须返回选项数组。若返回关联数组则返回选中项的键,否则返回值。
过滤数组且打算返回值时,应使用 array_values 或集合的 values 方法,避免数组变为关联数组:
$names = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail']);
$selected = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => $names
->filter(fn ($name) => Str::contains($name, $value, ignoreCase: true))
->values()
->all(),
);还可包含占位符与信息提示:
$ids = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor Otwell',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
hint: 'The user will receive an email immediately.'
);列表滚动前最多显示五个选项。可通过 scroll 参数自定义:
$ids = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
scroll: 10
);要求选择值
默认用户可选择零个或多个选项。可传入 required 参数要求至少选择一个:
$ids = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
required: true
);若要自定义验证消息,也可向 required 参数提供字符串:
$ids = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
required: 'You must select at least one user.'
);额外验证
若要执行额外验证逻辑,可向 validate 传入闭包:
$ids = multisearch(
label: 'Search for the users that should receive the mail',
options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
: [],
validate: function (array $values) {
$optedOut = User::whereLike('name', '%a%')->findMany($values);
if ($optedOut->isNotEmpty()) {
return $optedOut->pluck('name')->join(', ', ', and ').' have opted out.';
}
}
);若 options 闭包返回关联数组,验证闭包接收选中的键,否则接收选中的值。可返回错误消息,通过则返回 null。
暂停
pause 函数可向用户显示信息文本,并等待其按 Enter/Return 确认继续:
use function Laravel\Prompts\pause;
pause('Press ENTER to continue.');验证前转换输入
有时你可能希望在验证前转换提示输入,例如去除字符串首尾空白。许多提示函数提供接受闭包的 transform 参数:
$name = text(
label: 'What is your name?',
transform: fn (string $value) => trim($value),
validate: fn (string $value) => match (true) {
strlen($value) < 3 => 'The name must be at least 3 characters.',
strlen($value) > 255 => 'The name must not exceed 255 characters.',
default => null
}
);表单
通常会有多个提示依次显示以收集信息。可使用 form 函数创建一组提示供用户完成:
use function Laravel\Prompts\form;
$responses = form()
->text('What is your name?', required: true)
->password('What is your password?', validate: ['password' => 'min:8'])
->confirm('Do you accept the terms?')
->submit();submit 方法返回包含表单所有响应的数字索引数组。也可通过 name 参数为每个提示命名,之后可通过该名称访问对应响应:
use App\Models\User;
use function Laravel\Prompts\form;
$responses = form()
->text('What is your name?', required: true, name: 'name')
->password(
label: 'What is your password?',
validate: ['password' => 'min:8'],
name: 'password'
)
->confirm('Do you accept the terms?')
->submit();
User::create([
'name' => $responses['name'],
'password' => $responses['password'],
]);使用 form 的主要好处是用户可用 CTRL + U 返回之前的提示,修正错误或更改选择而无需取消并重新开始整个表单。
若需对表单中的提示做更细粒度控制,可调用 add 方法而非直接调用提示函数。add 方法会传入用户此前的所有响应:
use function Laravel\Prompts\form;
use function Laravel\Prompts\outro;
$responses = form()
->text('What is your name?', required: true, name: 'name')
->add(function ($responses) {
return text("How old are you, {$responses['name']}?");
}, name: 'age')
->submit();
outro("Your name is {$responses['name']} and you are {$responses['age']} years old.");信息消息
可使用 note、info、warning、error 与 alert 函数显示信息消息:
use function Laravel\Prompts\info;
info('Package installed successfully.');表格
table 函数便于显示多行多列数据,只需提供列名与表格数据:
use function Laravel\Prompts\table;
table(
headers: ['Name', 'Email'],
rows: User::all(['name', 'email'])->toArray()
);旋转等待
spin 函数在执行指定回调时显示旋转指示器与可选消息,表示进行中的过程,完成后返回回调结果:
use function Laravel\Prompts\spin;
$response = spin(
message: 'Fetching response...',
callback: fn () => Http::get('http://example.com')
);WARNING
spin 需要 PCNTL PHP 扩展以动画显示旋转器;不可用时将显示静态版本。
进度条
对于长时间运行的任务,显示进度条有助于告知完成度。使用 progress 函数,Laravel 会显示进度条并在每次迭代可迭代值时推进进度:
use function Laravel\Prompts\progress;
$users = progress(
label: 'Updating users',
steps: User::all(),
callback: fn ($user) => $this->performTask($user)
);progress 函数类似 map,返回包含回调每次迭代返回值的数组。
回调也可接收 Laravel\Prompts\Progress 实例,以便在每次迭代中修改标签与提示:
$users = progress(
label: 'Updating users',
steps: User::all(),
callback: function ($user, $progress) {
$progress
->label("Updating {$user->name}")
->hint("Created on {$user->created_at}");
return $this->performTask($user);
},
hint: 'This may take some time.'
);有时你需要更手动地控制进度条推进。先定义过程总步数,然后在处理每项后通过 advance 方法推进:
$progress = progress(label: 'Updating users', steps: 10);
$users = User::all();
$progress->start();
foreach ($users as $user) {
$this->performTask($user);
$progress->advance();
}
$progress->finish();清空终端
可使用 clear 函数清空用户终端:
use function Laravel\Prompts\clear;
clear();终端注意事项
终端宽度
若任何标签、选项或验证消息长度超过用户终端「列」数,将自动截断以适应。若用户可能使用较窄终端,请尽量缩短这些字符串。为支持 80 列终端,通常安全最大长度约为 74 字符。
终端高度
对于接受 scroll 参数的提示,配置值会自动缩减以适应用户终端高度,并预留验证消息空间。
不支持的环境与回退
Laravel Prompts 支持 macOS、Linux 及带 WSL 的 Windows。由于 Windows 版 PHP 的限制,目前在 WSL 外的 Windows 上无法使用 Laravel Prompts。
因此 Laravel Prompts 支持回退到替代实现,例如 Symfony Console Question Helper。
INFO
在 Laravel 框架中使用 Laravel Prompts 时,各提示的回退已配置好,在不支持的环境中会自动启用。
回退条件
若未使用 Laravel 或需自定义何时使用回退,可向 Prompt 类的 fallbackWhen 静态方法传入布尔值:
use Laravel\Prompts\Prompt;
Prompt::fallbackWhen(
! $input->isInteractive() || windows_os() || app()->runningUnitTests()
);回退行为
若未使用 Laravel 或需自定义回退行为,可向各提示类的 fallbackUsing 静态方法传入闭包:
use Laravel\Prompts\TextPrompt;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Style\SymfonyStyle;
TextPrompt::fallbackUsing(function (TextPrompt $prompt) use ($input, $output) {
$question = (new Question($prompt->label, $prompt->default ?: null))
->setValidator(function ($answer) use ($prompt) {
if ($prompt->required && $answer === null) {
throw new \RuntimeException(
is_string($prompt->required) ? $prompt->required : 'Required.'
);
}
if ($prompt->validate) {
$error = ($prompt->validate)($answer ?? '');
if ($error) {
throw new \RuntimeException($error);
}
}
return $answer;
});
return (new SymfonyStyle($input, $output))
->askQuestion($question);
});回退须为每个提示类单独配置。闭包接收提示类实例,须返回该提示所需的合适类型。